CDC

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's work touches many health aspects of daily life. Its nurses and doctors, epidemiologists and technologists work to prevent the spread of food-borne illnesses, to stop the spread of the flu and monitor disease outbreaks, to reduce the number of hospital-acquired illnesses, to increase immunizations and to create tools to help communities protect public health, among many other health-related efforts. It would lose more than $464 million from its overall budget.

NIH

Ultimately, this cut would impact academic labs and research institutions in every single state. The National Institutes of Health funds a wide variety of medical research. It spends millions to help scientists discover the root causes and cures for childhood diseases, cancer, autism, diabetes, lupus and many other illnesses.

Spending on biomedical and health research and development was already lower than it has been in years, according to Research!America. Cuts now could have a severe, long-term impact on research, which could lead to fewer cures and therapies to fight common diseases. This department would lose more than $2.5 billion from its budget.

Food for lower-income families

The Women Infant and Children Supplemental Nutrition Program, known as WIC, helps feed families who are considered a nutritional risk because they can't afford to buy food. The program also teaches people about nutrition and provides referrals for health services.

Some 16.4% of the U.S. population is considered "food insecure," according to FeedingAmerica.org. That's more than 48 million people.

About $543 million would be taken out of this program's budget.

Separately, child nutrition programs would be cut by $4 million. Commodity Assistance would lose $5 million. Other nutrition programs would lose $11 million. And the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance program would lose $8 million.

Maternal, Infant and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program

This is a home visiting program that helps pregnant women or women with children younger than 5 who may need additional help with maternal and child health issues. It also works to prevent abuse, neglect or child injuries because of an unsafe environment in the neighborhood or home.

Studies show this program reduces crime and incidents of domestic violence. It also increases a family's economic self-sufficiency. This program would see a $30 million reduction in its budget.

Office of Lead Hazard Control and Healthy Homes

Children in at least 4 million households are still being exposed to the dangers of lead, according to the CDC. Lead poisoning, which disproportionately hurts children, can curtail nervous system development, lead to behavioral disorders and cause headaches, anemia, seizures and even death.

The Office of Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control is a federal agency established to eliminate lead-based paint hazards in private homes and low-income housing. The Healthy Homes program also helps prevent disease and injuries that result from housing-related hazards such as radon, poor indoor air quality and even poor lighting that can lead to falls.

The CDC estimates more than 11,000 people die each year from preventable unintentional injuries, including falls, fires and poisonings in unsafe homes. This program would lose $10 million.

Department of Homeland Security, Office of Health Affairs

The Office of Health Affairs in the Department of Homeland Security is something Americans want to be fully operational if terrorists attack the country using chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear weapons. It serves as the department's authority for all medical and health issues. The office also provides experts to the department's leadership, builds national plans in case of terrorist attacks, helps first responders and protects the department itself from health threats. It would lose $14 million from its budget.

Gallaudet University

The leading undergraduate liberal arts education program for the deaf and hard of hearing is based in Washington. It has an international reputation for its education programs and for the kind of research it does related to deaf people. With an 8.2% budget cut, the college's funds would be reduced by $10 million.

"We are monitoring the situation closely and keeping the campus community informed as the situation develops," said Fred Weiner, interim assistant vice president for Administration and Finance at Gallaudet, in a statement sent to CNN.

Social Security

Since the start of the recession, there has been a marked increase in the need for federal disability insurance as provided by Social Security. According to the last available census data, more than 8 million people are considered too disabled to work and receive this benefit from the government.

Automatic cuts would dramatically reduce these services. The federal disability insurance budget alone would be cut $241 million for discretionary spending.